政府强权干预与遗产旅游地“公地悲剧”现象的治理——以世界遗产地九寨沟治理经验为例

On Government Intervention Powers and the Governance of the Tragedy of the Commons

遗产地旅游开发过程中存在的"公地悲剧"现象是由遗产资源的公共物品性质决定的。由于遗产资源本身的复杂性和特殊性,奥普尔斯认为政府的强权干预与管理是唯一方案。九寨沟作为政府强权干预治理遗产旅游地的典型案例,其管理体制的选择和变迁存在着路径依赖,政府强权干预模式在实现遗产资源的保护目标、保障当地社区居民利益以及避免遗产地"公地悲剧"上起着重要作用。

Tragedy of the commons in the development of heritage resorts is determined by its nature of public goods. Ophuls proposed that the government management with coercive power is the only solu-tion to solve this problem due to the complexity and specificity of heritage resources itself. Jiuzhaigou, a world heritage resort, is a typical case of governance by government intervention power. The choice and changes of its management system is path dependence. This pattern plays an important role in protecting heritage resources as well as interests of local communities and in avoiding “tragedy of the commons”.