框架视域下的汉语动词词义分立动因初探

On the Motivation of the Meaning Separation of Verbs in Chinese from the Perspective of Frame Semantics

要在框架语义理论指导下从框架视域研究词义演变规律,为了细化和控制词义观察视角,我们以"场景—框架"关系为依据对框架进行分类:即在学者们从语义域角度对框架分类之外,我们从语言形式、语言内容、词元的构成情况等角度对框架进行分类。着眼于语言形式,可把框架分为词元框架、词位框架、词外框架三类。这样,在词位框架中来看动词多义词内部的词义分立机制,其核心条件是交际者的视角化作用,即:视角化是词义分立的主要动因,交际者凸显词义的某个(些)方面、词义间的某种联系、交际的某个方面等的结果就是词义分立。立足于词位框架来观察动词的新词义生成后取得分立资格的认知依据,能提取到动词词义演变的一些普适性规律。

The rule of semantic change should be looked into from the perspective of frame seman-tics. In order to detail and control the semantic research angle, the frame is categorized according to“set-ting-frame” relationship, i.e., besides the categorization from semantic perspective, frame can be catego-rized from language forms, language content, lemma structure, etc. If categorized from language forms, frame can be divided into lemma frame, lexeme frame and outer frame. Thus, judging from the lexeme frame, the core of meaning separation of polysemous verbs is the perspectives of communicators. In other words, perspectives of communicators are the main motivation of meaning separation. The intentional highlighting of one aspect of the semantic meaning, of certain relationship between meanings and of cer-tain aspect of communication is meaning separation. Viewing the cognitive basis from lexeme frame can gain some hints on the rule of semantic change of verbs.