山区地震灾后疾病预防控制工作模式探索

Exploration of work mode of disease prevention and control after earthquake in mountain area

目的探索建立一套山区地震灾害发生后疾病预防控制工作能够在较短时间内迅速有效持续开展的防病工作模式。方法利用云南省彝良县"9·7"地震和四川省芦山县"4.20"地震灾后卫生防病工作中探索性建立并运行的方式和方法、各项工作中取得的效果进行整理、分析、总结。结果国家、省、市、县、军队、省外援助疾控队伍共500多人,在统一指挥、管理、要求、信息、方案"五统一"模式下,做了6个方面风险评估,根据灾区传染病流行风险等级,对灾情较重的乡镇、行政村实行细分任务、分片包干、入村蹲点,责任到人。彝良灾后43天内报告法定传染病254例,较上年同期(247例)仅上升2.83%;芦山报告乙丙类法定传染病9种54例,与前三年同期比较,报告病例数下降65.46%,无死亡,取得无传染病暴发流行的阶段性成果;无突发公共卫生事件发生;无灾后传染病死亡病例。结论在西南地区的山区探索一套独特的地震灾后防病工作模式,通过有效评估灾区防病风险,有序开展灾后防病工作,实现大灾之后无大疫。

Objective To explore the establishment a set of work mode which the disease prevention and control work can consistently be carried out in a relatively short time quickly and effectively after the earthquake disaster in the mountain. Methods To arrange, analyze and summarize by making use of the way and method, as well as the effect it has gained in all the work, which were established and runed exploratory in the work of health care and disease prevention after the Yiliang ＂9.7＂ earthquake in Yun nan and the Lushan＂4.20＂ earthquake in Sichuan. Results The military epidemic prevention team of more than 500 people from the state, province, city, county, military, foreign aid centers for disease prevention and control in the unified command, unified management, unified requirements, unified information, unified scheme, five unified mode have conducted risk assessment in the six aspects. It has implemented segmentation task, divided responsibility, into the village residence which have made obligation to people in the disaster heavier administrative villages according to the disaster area epidemic risk level. 254 cases of legal infectious diseases compared with the same period last year increased by only 2.83% （247 cases） have been reported in the 43 days after the earthquake disaster in Yiliang. The 9 kinds of 54 cases of Ethylene-propylene class infectious diseases compared with the same period in the first three years failed by 65.46% have been reported after the earthquake disaster in Lushan. It have periodical results in the no infectious disease outbreaks, no public health emergencies and no infectious disease deaths after the disaster. Conclusion It was explored a set of unique post-earthquake prevention work mode in the southwest region which realize to no major epidemics after calamity through assessment disaster prevention risk effectively to carry out disaster prevention work orderly.