广东省地市级疾控机构实验室应急检测能力调查

Laboratory testing capacity of prefectural CDCs for emergencies in Guangdong province

目的了解广东省地市级疾控机构实验室应急检测能力现状和存在的问题。方法采用问卷调查的方式获取22个地市级疾控中心实验室人员和试剂储备、42种传染病病原分离培养及PCR核酸检测能力和14种常见毒素检测能力信息。用描述流行病学方法对数据进行分析,采用非参数Kruskal-Wallis法比较各疾控机构检测项目数差异,用Pearson相关法分析可检测项目数与人均国内生产总值的相关关系。结果广东省地市级疾控机构具备常见传染病病原体及毒素的检测能力,欠缺非常见和新发传染病检测能力。珠三角地区疾控机构实验室人员比例相对较大,试剂储备相对充裕,在实验室应急检测能力上总体优于粤东、粤西和中部山区,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.933,P<0.01),在PCR病原核酸检测技术上该优势尤为明显。可开展检测项目总数与当地人均国内生产总值呈中度正相关(r=0.759,P<0.01)。结论广东省地市级疾控机构能满足常规应急检测需要,但部分地区实验室能力有待进一步提高。加大人员、经费和设备的投入是提高实验室检测能力的重要手段。

Objective To understand current situation and existing problems of emergency laboratory testing capabilities of prefectural CDCs in Guangdong. Methods A questionnaire survey was administered to 22 prefectural CDCs of Guangdong to obtain the laboratory personnel and reagents reserves, detection capabilities for 42 infectious pathogens and 14 common toxins. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for data analysis. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was adopted to compare the detection capability differences among different CDCs. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to test the correlation between detection capabilities and per capita GDP. Results The prefectural CDCs had the laboratory testing capacity for common infectious pathogens and toxins, but lacked of detection capability for uncommon and emerging infectious pathogens. CDCs in Pearl-river-delta-area had overall advantages in emergency detection capacities compared to eastern, western and mountain area of Guangdong （χ^2=11.933, P〈0.01）,especially in PCR nucleic acid detection capacities. The total number of test items had a moderate positive correlation with the local per capita GDP （r=0.759,P〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Laboratory testing capacities of Guangdong prefectural CDCs could meet routine emergency needs, but detection capabilities in some areas needs to be further strengthened and enhanced. Increased personnel, funding and equipment investment is an important tool to bridge the gap and weaknesses.