嫦娥三号两相流体回路的地面试验验证方法及试验结果分析

Ground test method and results of closed two-phase thermosyphons for the moon exploration spacecraft Chang'E-3

两相流体回路在我国嫦娥三号月球探测器上的应用是全球航天器热控系统设计上的首次尝试,两相流体回路利用月球g/6重力驱动,无需电源供给,在长达14 d的月夜工况下,有效利用同位素热源解决了着陆器和巡视器内的仪器温控难题.回路研制过程中遇到了传热性能无法在地面得到真实模拟的技术难题,本文以巡视器两相流体回路为例,建立了g/6重力驱动两相流体回路传热性能的地面模拟方法,给出了地面真空热性能试验验证结果并进行了分析.

Closed two-phase thermosyphons were developed for the thermal control system in the Chinese moon exploration spacecraft Chang＇E-3. This is the first space application for the thermosyphon. The biggest challenge of the thermal control system was to maintain the equipment temperature levels to help the lander and the rover survive the 14-earth day cold night without power supply. Closed two-phase thermosyphons were designed to transfer the RHU heat to the equipments at lunar night. The thermal control system could require no power supply and less weight to survive the explorer at lunar night. The ground test method was established to verify the heat transfer capability of the loops that will operate on the moon surface by sextupling the cross section area of the reservoir and decreasing the height difference between the reservoir and the reservoir to be a sixth of the real difference. The thermal vacuum test results of the two-phase loop designed for the lunar rover will be presented.