中共与二十世纪二三十年代的店员运动

The CPC and the Salesclerk Movement in 1920s and 1930s

动员店员加入社会革命是中共开展工人运动的重要内容。国共合作时期,中共的店员运动策略是帮助国民党组建店员工会。国共合作破裂后,中共主导的店员运动遵循两个思路,国统区店员运动进入"有组织的行动"阶段,积极推进店员的经济斗争,形式上"更为民间化,技巧上也更趋完善";苏区组建赤色店员工会,虽然仍然强调经济斗争,但重点已转移到"动员店员参军参战、保卫苏维埃政权"等方面。国共两党对店员的范畴、店员运动的认识和态度存在相当大的差异,店员的政治选择则影响着两者的群众动员模式。

Motivating the salesclerks to join the social revolution is the important content of developing the workers movement by the CPC. During the cooperation between the CPC and KMT, the motivating salesclerk strategy by the CPC is helping the KMT to establish the salesclerk labour union. After the break of the cooperation, the sales- clerk movement dominated by the CPC followed two ideas. The salesclerk movement in the region by the KMT came into the stage of ＂the organizational activities＂, positively promoting the sales clerks to carry on the econom- ical conflict, in form ＂more non-governmental, and more improve and perfect in skill＂. The red salesclerk labour union established in the region by the CPC, still stressed the economical conflict, but the emphasis had been transferred to the aspects of ＂motivating the salesclerks to join the army and protect the Soviet sovereignty. ＂The recognization and attitudes towards the categories of the salesclerk and salesclerk movement between the CPC and the KMT were different, and the political choice of the salesclerks affected the mass motivating modes of the two parties.