工业电力用户无功功率收费问题的探讨

Discussion on the Problem of Reactive Power Charges to Industrial Electricity Users

因为无功功率在用电设备运行中不做功,所以其收费问题一直没有引起人们重视.无功功率在电动机、变压器等用电设备运行时是不可或缺的一部分,它在电路内进行电场与磁场的能量交换,并用来在电气设备中建立和维持磁场.有电磁线圈的电气设备,要建立磁场,就要消耗无功功率.当电网无功功率不足时,电网的电压将降低;当电网无功功率过剩时,电网电压将上升,影响电网经济和安全运行.导致电网无功功率不足和过剩的主要问题是电力用户用电设备的无功补偿问题.随着电子电能表的发展,无功功率收费成为可能,这是合理解决用户用电设备无功补偿问题的有效手段.

Since reactive power is not acting during the operation of electrical equipment, the issue of charges has not attracted the attention of people. The reactive power is an integral part in running the electric equipments, such as electric motors and transformers. It conducts the power exchange of electric and magnetic fields within the circuit, and it is used to establish and maintain the magnetic field in electrical equipment. To establish a magnetic field, electrical equipment with electromagnetic coil will consume reactive power. When reactive power is low, the grid voltage will be reduced; when it is excess, the voltage will rise. This wilt affect the economic and safe operation of the grid. What leads to reactive power shortage and excess is the problem of reactive power compensation to power consumers. With the development of electronic energy meter, reactive power charges become possible. It is an effective means of reactive power compensation to the equipment users.