闭环产品服务系统的增值分析与协调机理研究

A Study on the Value-added Analysis and the Coordination Mechanism of the Closed-loop Product Service System

闭环产品服务系统中,提升价值增值的手段包括产品和服务两方面。在大量生产时代,产品的价值增值主要来自于原料转换的增值过程,这是"大产品小服务"的传统销售模式(服务是产品的附属品)。但随着消费市场需求的变化,目前价值增值不但来自于企业品牌形象、产品销售等前市场服务,而且越来越注重产品使用过程中的后市场服务和废弃后的回收再制造服务。产品服务和再制造的增值已经超过传统实体生产的价值创造,开始向"小产品大服务"的商业模式演进(产品成为服务的介体)。作为获取持久竞争优势的这一新盈利模式,闭环产品服务系统的提供商需要考虑全生命周期的经济效益和环境效益,涉及产品制造、服务运营和回收再造的交叉新领域研究,这必然会导致正向供应链的关系契约模式变革。

In the closed-loop product service system, the goal of enhancing the added value could be achieved through two methods as bothproducts and services. In an era of mass production, the key to adding more value to products exists in the process of transforming raw materialsinto product. It belongs to the traditional ＂big-products-and-small-service＂ sales model in which service is the accessories of products. Currently,added value of products comes not only from the bands images, product sales and other pre-market service, but also it relies more on the processin which products arc being consumed and other after-market service, even on the recycling and reproduction service after products are disposed.The added value amount from product service and reproduction has gone beyond the value creation from the traditional entity production, startingto evolve toward the ＂small-products-and-big-service＂ model of commerce, in which products become the mediator of service. As a new profitablemodel which aims to attain sustainable competitive advantage, providers of the close-looped service systems need to consider both the economicbenefits and the environment benefits within the whole life circle, which involves in the crossover research on new areas, covering productsproduction, service operation, and recycling and reproduction. This would necessarily lead to a change on the relational contract model of theforward supply chain.