上海崇明地区学龄前儿童社会能力与气质类型的关系

Investigation of social competence and temperament type in preschool children in Shanghai Chongming district

目的了解学龄前儿童社会能力现状及其与其气质类型的关系。方法采用《婴儿-初中生社会生活能力量表》《儿童气质量表》调查1 251名学龄前儿童。结果不同性别儿童的社会生活能力得分总分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但女童的独立生活得分优于男童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别儿童的社会生活能力分级分布的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女童中社会能力分级为高常和优秀的较多。8.1%儿童的气质类型属难养型,15.4%为启动缓慢型,69.0%为中间型,7.5%为易养型;不同性别儿童间气质类型分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女童难养型比例较高,男童易养型比例较高。不同气质类型儿童的社会生活能力总分及其各项组分得分的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同气质类型儿童的社会生活能力水平不同;根据儿童的气质类型,采取相应的教育措施有利于儿童社会能力的发展。

Objective To investigate current status of preschool children＇s social competence and its relation to temperament type. Methods A total of 1 251 children participated in this study. The questionnaire was conducted and the children were assessed using＂infant-junior middle school student＇s ability of social life scale＂and＂children＇s temperament scale＂. Results No significant gender difference was observed in total score of social competence （P〉0.05）. The total score of live independently was higher in girls as compared to boys （P〈0.05）. A significant gender difference was observed in classified scores of social competence （P〈0.05）. Girls with excellent or better-than-normal social competence were more than boys （P〈0.05）. The distribution of the temperament type in preschool children were the difficult-to-raise type （8.1%）, the start-slow type （15.4%）, the stan-dard type （69.0%） and the easy-to-raise type （7.5%）. There was statistically gender significance （P〈0.05） in the distribution of the temperament types. The percentage of difficult-to-raise type was higher in girls than in boys. The percentage of easy-to-raise type was higher in boys than in girls. The total score and classified scores of social competence had significant difference among children with different temperament types （P〈0.05）. Conclusions There is significant diffe-rence of social competence in children with different temperament types. Corresponding educational measures according to the child＇s temperament may be bene-fit to the development in preschool children.