后危机时代的韩国预算改革:通往财政可持续之路

Korea's Budgetary Reforms in the Post-Crisis Era:the Road to Financial Sustainability

2008年爆发的全球金融危机导致大量外资撤离韩国,对资本市场、对外出口以及经济增长造成不小的冲击。和1997年亚洲金融危机不同,韩国自2003年起就开始进行大刀阔斧的财政预算改革以及金融体系改革,并在随后几年内的不断完善,迅速替代了传统的自下而上线性项目预算模式以及过度管制的金融体系,使韩国在此次危机中并未出现严重动荡,一直保持着财政稳健状态。但是,财政大改革自其引入起就具有弱点,如立法和精英的阻滞、独特的东亚行政文化、福利制度发展缓慢都对韩国财政可持续性造成了不小的挑战。论文试图对后危机时代中韩国财政历史和现时进行描述,评估韩国财政预算改革的成功经验,和潜在的财政体制脆弱性所带来的风险,希望为中国未来的预算改革提供有益的经验。

The global financial crisis in 2008 led to large capital outflows from Korea and shock in its capital market,exports and economic growth. However,Korea as a mainstay of the Asian economy survived. Unlike the Asian financial crisis in 1997,the'big bang'budget reform launched by the Korean government in 2003 insured that the Korean financial system would remain stable. The budget reform continued to completionin the years following its introduction provided for very quick control of the financial system,if necessary,rather than the traditional line- item budgeting model. But,the budgetary 'big bang' reform has had its problems since it was introduced such as the legal and elite hurdle,the special administrative culture in East Asia and the slow development of a welfare system. All of these isues present challenges to Korea's financial sustainability. This paper describes the history of public finance in Korea and the current state of Korea's governmental finance and budget. This paper also assesses the successful factors of budgetary reform and analyzes the financial risks brought by the weaknesses in the financial system. Korea's experience can provide valuable infomation for future Chinese budgetary reform.