影响颈动脉斑块检出率的相关因素分析

Relevance analysis of health behaviors and influencing factors for detection rate of carotid atherosclerotic plaque

目的：探讨影响颈内动脉斑块检出率的相关健康行为和相关因素。方法选取2009-2010年间在江苏省徐州市心血管病研究所心内科进行健康体检的人员作为研究对象。采用分层随机抽样的方法从中抽取40岁以上2628例纳入研究。制定调查问卷，并对年龄、文化程度、婚姻、职业、经济收入、饮食习惯、生活习惯、生活行为因素进行调查。应用Logistic回归分析对影响颈内动脉斑块的因素进行统计分析。结果单因素分析显示，性别构成、年龄、吸烟率、空腹血糖、血压、颈动脉内中膜厚度（ IMT）、总胆固醇（ TC）、甘油三酯（ TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ LDL-C）对斑块形成具有显著影响。进一步的多因素Logistic回归分析显示，影响颈内动脉斑块形成的因素主要为性别、年龄、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和健康行为因素的个数。与＜2个理想心血管健康因素和行为者相比，具有3、4、5、＞5个理想心血管健康行为和因素者发生颈内动脉斑块的风险分别为0．65、0．45、0．39、0．29。结论颈内动脉斑块的形成受到多种因素的影响。理想心血管健康行为个数与斑块形成呈负相关，能预防颈内动脉斑块的发生。

Objective To explore the relevance of health behaviors and influencing factors for detection rate of carotid plaques to prevent the formation of carotid plaque.Methods A total of 2 628 healthy subjects aged over 40 years were selected randomly from Department of Cardiology at our hospital from 2009-2010.A questionnaire survey was conducted on age , education level, marriage, occupation, income, diet, living habits and lifestyle factors.Logistic regression analysis was made for the influencing factors of internal carotid artery plaque.Results Single factor analysis showed that gender , age, smoking rate, fasting blood glucose , blood pressure , carotid artery intima-media thickness （ intima-media thickness , IMT）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （ LDL-C ） had significant effects on plaque formation.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender , age, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C and number of health behaviors were the major influencing factors for the formation of carotid plaque.Compared with the 〈2 ideal cardiovascular health factors and actuators , the risk levels of 3, 4, 5, 〉5 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors/factors and occurrence of carotid plaques were 0.65, 0.45, 0.39 and 0.29 respectively.Conclusions The formation of carotid plaque is affected by many factors.The number of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors is negatively correlated with plaque formation and it can prevent the occurrence of carotid plaque .