中美西部人口资源开发的比较及启示

A Comparison of the Population Resource Development in the West Between the United States and China and Its Enlightenment

在世界区域开发史上,中美两国西部开发最令世人瞩目。在中美西部开发中,人口资源开发均是关键内容。中美西部人口资源开发的背景和目标相似,但由于两者环境和基础不同,其开发的手段和机制必然具有差异,因而,推进中国西部人口资源开发,既要借鉴,又不能完全照搬美国的做法。与当前中国西部人口资源开发主要采用行政手段和以政府为主导不同,在美国西部人口资源开发中法律手段、经济手段和行政手段综合运用,政府行为与市场作用有机结合,这给推进中国西部人口资源开发带来如下重要启示:构建政府引导下以市场为主体的西部人才吸纳利用机制,引导西部教育发展与西部开发密切结合,激励具有参与能力的组织、机构和个人给西部教育捐助和投资,以及健全西部人口资源开发政策实施的法律保障等,是快速推进我国西部人口资源开发的重要举措。

In the history of regional development in the world, the western development in the United States and China has surprised the world mostly. In the western development in the United States and China, population resource development is the key content. The background and objectives of the population resource development in the west of the United States and China are similar, but the foundation and environments differ, the means and mechanisms are also different in some ways. Therefore, China needs to learn but can not copy the United States＇ approach for promoting the population resource development in the West. Unlike the current population resource development in the West of China which is mainly using administrative measures and is leading by the government, in the population resource development in the west of the United States, legal measures, economic measures and administrative means have been used synthetically; meanwhile, government behavior and market role have been combined organically. These provide the population resource development in the west of China with important enlightenment as follows： to structure the mechanisms of attracting and using talents in the west, under the guidance of government and taking the market as the focus; to combine the education development in the west and western development closely; to encourage organizations and individuals to make donates and invests to education in the west; to improve legal protection to implement the policies of population resource development in the west.