北京市中学生核与辐射认知现状调查

Survey of cognition on nuclear and radiation in Beijing high school students

目的 了解北京市中学生对核与辐射常识的认知水平,为做好辐射防护知识的普及提供基线资料和科学依据.方法 设计核与辐射认知调查问卷,采用随机整群抽样的方法,以北京市部分在读高中生为研究对象,进行自填式问卷调查.结果 本调查共收回有效问卷1 029份.调查对象对核与辐射常识的总体答对率为51.5％,核与辐射常识男生的得分显著高于女生（t=4.131,P＜0.05）.关于核与辐射知识的主观认知情况,有87人（8.5％）表示“很清楚”,779人（75.7％）表示“了解一点”,163人（15.8％）表示“一无所知”.不同核与辐射知识主观认知度人群,核与辐射常识得分有显著差异（J-T=8.279,P＜0.05）.核电支持程度与核与辐射知识主观认知程度两变量之间存在相关关系（r=0.161,P＜0.05）.不同核电支持程度学生之间,核与辐射常识得分有显著差别（J-T=7.508,P＜0.05）,得分高者,对核电支持程度也越高.结论 学生群体对核与辐射常识的认知存在短板,建议有关部门在学生群体中加强核与辐射知识的科普教育,以提高科学素养和综合素质,促进防灾减灾能力的提升和核能事业可持续发展.

Objective To explore cognition level on nuclear and radiation in Beijing high school students,which may provide evidence for promoting science popularization on nuclear and radiation.Methods Questionnaire-based survey was conducted in Beijing high school students,randomized cluster sampling was used to recruit study participants.Demographic information was collected,and cognition level on nuclear and radiation was evaluated by questionnaire.Results A total of 1 029 pieces of eligible questionnaires were collected.The correct rate for answering common sense about nuclear and radiation was 58%,with score of boys significantly higher than that of girls （t =4.131,P 〈0.05）.About subjective cognition of nuclear and radiation knowledge,87 （8.5%） indicated ＆#39; quite clear＆#39;,779 （75.7%） indicated ＆#39;know a little＆#39;,163 （15.8%） indicated ＆#39;know nothing＆#39;.There was significant difference in score of common sense about nuclear and radiation among people with various subjective cognition level of nuclear and radiation （J-T =8.279,P 〈0.05）.There was a linear correlation between support degree for nuclear power and subjective cognition level of nuclear and radiation （r =0.161,P 〈0.05）.There was significant difference in score of common sense about nuclear and radiation among people with various support degree for nuclear power （J-T =7.508,P 〈0.05）,whereas those who had got high scores tended to support nuclear power to a higher degree.Conclutions Students knew little about knowledge on nuclear and radiation.It is necessary to strengthen propaganda and education on nuclear and radiation,which may help enhance the students＆#39; comprehensive quality,and sustainable expansion of nuclear power more support in the long run.