虚拟现实技术在颅底外科术前计划及青年医师培养方面的作用

Application of virtual reality technique in pre-operative surgical planning and training of skull base surgery

随着医疗技术和设备的不断进步,颅底外科手术亦不断发展。由于颅底结构的复杂性以及疾病的多样性特点,颅底外科手术难度较大,个体化要求较高。虚拟现实技术在制定术前计划、确定最佳手术入路,进而提高手术的安全性和有效性方面发挥了重要作用,同时,其对于颅底外科青年医师的成长也具有推动作用。虚拟现实技术通过20多年的发展,在制定术前计划方面具有一定优势,表现在:①解剖的准确性高;②有效量化解剖间关系;③有助于确定最佳手术入路。在人才培养方面,虚拟现实技术具有省时、经济及可多次重复等优势,并可以通过"颅底外科虚拟现实病例库"的方式,进行各种手术入路的模拟训练及考核。虚拟现实技术仍有不足,但随着技术改进,以及其与神经导航技术、术中影像技术的联合应用,虚拟现实技术在颅底外科诊疗方面将会发挥更大的作用。

With the rapid progress of modern medical technology, skull base surgery has been developed continuously. However, due to the complexity of the anatomy and diversity of the diseases, surgery within this area is still at high risk and needs a better personalized strategy. Virtual Reality technique is of great help in making pre- operative surgical planning and selecting the optimal approach, which can improve the security and effectiveness of the operation. The virtual reality technique has been developed for the past 20 years and provided several advantages in the preoperative surgical plan, which includes： ①Exactness in anatomy, ②Effectiveness in the quantitative anatomic relationship, and③Determination of the optimal surgical approach. As for training the young surgeons, virtual reality technique has provided advantages in time-saving, lower budget and repeatability. By utilization of the ＂Virtual Reality Case Database of Skull Base Surgery＂ , simulative training and examination of various surgical approaches can be carried out. Although there are still some disadvantages, with the continuous improvement of the technology and combined application with neuronavigation technique and intra-operative image technique, it can be concluded that the virtual reality technique will be more important in the future.