中国冷蕨属孢子形态研究

Study on the Spore Morphology of Cystopteris Bernh. in China

采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对中国产冷蕨属(Cystopteris Bernh.)8种植物的孢子进行详细的观察与比较。结果表明:(1)冷蕨属孢子均为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为肾形。但不同种孢子在大小和周壁纹饰等方面均有差异。(2)依据周壁表面纹饰将冷蕨属植物分为3种类型:第一种类型是刺状纹饰(或以刺状纹饰为主),主要有冷蕨(Cystopteris fragilis)、西宁冷蕨(C.kansuana)、膜叶冷蕨(C.pellucida)、藏冷蕨(C.tibetica)、欧洲冷蕨(C.sudetica)和宝兴冷蕨(C.moupinensis);第二种类型是瘤状纹饰,主要有高山冷蕨(C.montana);第三种类型是颗粒状纹饰,主要有皱孢冷蕨(C.dickieana)。依据孢子纹饰的类型支持高山冷蕨作为独立类群,同时发现颗粒状纹饰是皱孢冷蕨的明显特征。

The spore morphology of 8 species in the genus Cystopteris Bernh.was investigated and compared under light microscope and scanning electron microscope.The results showed that：（1）The spores of Cystopteris are all monolete,bilaterally symmetric,ellipsoidal in polar view,kidney-shaped in equatorial view.But spores of different species have differences in spore size,ornamentation length and structure.（2）According to the surface ornamentation of the perine,the spores in Cystopteris can be divided into three types.Type Ⅰ is characterized by having echinate processes （or mostly echinate processes） on the perine：Cystopteris fragilis,C.kansuana,C.pellucida,C.tibetica,C.sudetica,C.moupinensis;type Ⅱ is characterized by having tuberculate processes on the perine：C.montana;type Ⅲ is characterized by having granulate processes on the perine：C.dickieana.The Classification supports C.montana as an independent group.Having granulate processes on the perine is an obvious feature for distinguish C.dickieana.