内蒙古居群抗寒西伯利亚杏繁殖生态学研究

Reproductive Ecology of Armeniaca sibirica with Cold Resistant in Inner Mongolia

对内蒙古居群抗寒西伯利亚杏的12个种源同一树龄的102株进行雌蕊败育率、花粉量、花粉活力、柱头可授性及自交不亲和性进行研究,以明确西伯利亚杏主产地资源的花期生物学特性和繁殖特性,为杏杂交育种和资源利用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)有86.27%的西伯利亚杏雌蕊败育率低于90%;73.53%的西伯利亚杏单朵花花粉量在1×104～5×104之间;86.27%的西伯利亚杏花粉活力低于50%,且寿命较短。(2)花苞在将开未开时,柱头已经具备一定的可授性,开花后1～4d内柱头可授性保持较高水平,第5天开始有下降趋势。(3)荧光显微观察结果显示,授粉后16h时,96.08%的杏花花粉管在花柱上部;授粉后24h时,74.51%的杏花花粉管仍在花柱上部;授粉后48h时,35.29%的杏花花粉管到达花柱中部;授粉后80h时,花粉管到达花柱下部的杏花约50%,但受精胚珠数为0。研究认为,西伯利亚杏基本为自交不亲和。

102 Armeniaca sibirica resources of the same age with cold resistant in Inner Mongolia region were studied on pistil abortive rate,pollen quantity,pollen vitality,stigma receptivity and self-incompatibility.The results showed that：（1）The pistil abortive rate was lower than 90% for 86.27% resources,and the pollen quantity of single flower was between 1×104 and 5×104 for 73.53% resources.The pollen vitality was less than 50% with short life for 86.27% resources.（2）The stigma had certain receptivity when the bud would be open,and it could maintain a high level in 1~4 days and began to decline in 5 days after the flowering.（3）The fluorescence microscopic observation of A.sibirica showed that the pollen tube length was less than 1/3 of the style after pollination 16 h for 96.08% resources.The pollen tube length was still not exceed 1/3 of the style after pollination 24 h for 74.51% resources,and the pollen tube extended into the middle part of the style after pollination 48 h for 35.29% resources.After pollination 80 h,the pollen tube reached the lower of the style for 50% resources,but the fertilized ovule number was 0.Thus,the A.sibirica resources were essentially self-incompatibility.