2004-2011年黄石市麻疹流行特征分析

Epidemic Characteristics of Measles in Huangshi,2004-2011

目的 分析2004-2011年黄石市麻疹流行趋势,为制定防治策略提供科学依据.方法 采用描述流行病学方法,对黄石市麻疹病例的监测数据进行统计分析.结果 2004-2011年黄石市共报告麻疹病例1 229例,最低发病年份为2010年,发病20例,发病率为0.75/10万；最高发病年份为2005年,发病436例,发病率为17.31/10万,2009年后维持较低发病水平,年平均发病率为5.97/10万,期间有2次发病高峰,疫情呈周期性发病；无暴发疫情,病例均呈散发；病例主要集中在城市人口密集,人群流动频繁的区域；多发生于春夏季节,3～6月发病达到高峰（47.27％）；男女性别比为2.3∶1,以0～3岁年龄组散居儿童居多（55.25％）.结论 2004-2011年黄石市麻疹发病有一定波动,呈下降趋势,重点做好薄弱地区和薄弱环节的管理,提高及时接种率和免疫覆盖率,防控麻疹的暴发.

Objective To analyze epidemic trend of measles in Huangshi city from 2004 to 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for control strategies. Methods Surveillance data of measles in Huangshi were statistically analyzed with descriptive epidemiology method. Results The cumulative number of Measles cases in Huangshi was 1, 229 from 2004 to 2011, with the lowest incidence rate of 0. 75/10^5 in 2010 and the highest incidence rate of 17.31/10^5 in 2005. The annual average morbidity was 5.97/10^5, with two peaks in the period. The morbidity showed periodicity; and the cases presented scattered distribution and with no outbreaks. Cases were mainly concentrated in intensive and flowing population in urban areas. Measles could be seen frequently in spring and summer and its peak time was from March to June, accounting for 47.27% of the total. The sex ra- tio of male to female was 2.3 ： I and the scattered children accounted for 55.25%. Conclusion The epidemic situation is characterized with rise and fall in the morbidity and generally downward through the period. Preven- tive measures should be taken towards weak links and vulnerable areas.