2009-2012年成都市免疫规划疫苗接种率抽样调查

Vaccination Status of Immunization Program in Chengdu,2009-2012

目的了解成都市实施扩大国家免疫规划以来的免疫接种情况,评价接种工作质量。方法 2009-2012年每年采取多阶段整群随机抽样法,入户调查儿童接种情况。结果共调查16 940名适龄儿童,建卡率99.97%、建证率99.85%、卡证符合率97.49%、卡痕率97.38%。基础免疫合格接种率卡介苗、脊灰疫苗全程、百白破疫苗全程、麻疹/麻风疫苗、乙肝疫苗全程均大于97%,4苗全程96.61%,乙肝首针及时率98.50%,A群流脑第1剂97.61%、A群流脑第2剂92.56%、乙脑疫苗94.00%、甲肝疫苗93.13%。加强免疫合格接种率分别为脊灰疫苗97.29%、百白破疫苗97.15%、麻疹/麻腮/麻腮风疫苗96.80%、白破疫苗95.17%、乙脑疫苗93.70%、3岁组A+C流脑疫苗94.18%、6岁组A+C流脑疫苗91.19%。不合格接种原因以超期接种(79.41%)所占比例最高,从2009年的67.86%增加到2012年的89.13%。未种原因以其他(35.97%)和儿童生病未去接种(24.61%)所占比例最高。结论 2009-2012年成都市基础5苗合格接种率和乙肝首针及时率保持在较高水平,新增扩免疫苗(乙脑、甲肝、A群流脑及A+C群流脑疫苗)基础和加强免疫接种率均达到90%以上,超期接种所占比例增加。

Objective To know the vaccination status after the implement of national expanded immunization program in Chengdu during 2009 -2012 and thus to evaluate the quality of immunization. Methods Multistage cluster random sampling was conducted yearly from 2009 to 2012, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results Totally 16, 490 children were investigated. The rates of immunization card and certificates established were respectively 99.97% and 99.85% ; the compatible card - certificate rate was 97.49% ; the rate of BCG scar was 90. 21%. The qualified coverage for the primary doses of 5 vaccines （ BCG, OPV, DPT, MV, HepB） all reached over 95% ; the qualified coverage of 4 vaccines was 96.61% ; the timely coverage for first - dose of HepB was 98.50% ; the qualified coverage of MenA1, MenA2, JEV, HepA were respectively 97.61% , 92.56%, 94. 00% and 93.13%. The qualified coverage for the booster of OPV, DPT, MV/MM/ MMR, DT, JEV, MenA ＋ C1, MenA ＋ C2 were respectively 97.29%, 97. 15%, 96.80%, 95.17%,93.70%, 94. 18% and 91.19%. The reason of non - qualified immunization was mainly attributed to overdue vaccination （ 79.41% ） and the proportion increased from 67.86% in 2009 to 89. 13% in 2012. The reasons of non - immunization were mainly attributed to the other （35.97%） and children getting sick （24.61%）. Conclusion The qualified coverage rates of 5 vaccines and the timely coverage for first - dose of HepB stays at a high level; the proportion of overdue vaccination in the reasons of non - qualified immunization are rising year by year.