应对方式对管制员工作压力与指挥决策失误的影响

Impact of cope styles to the job stress and their command decision-making faults of the air traffic controllers

从空中交通管制工作的内容和特点着手,分析了空中交通管制员的压力来源及指挥决策失误的原因。通过问卷抽样调查,研究了空中交通管制员工作压力与指挥决策失误之间的关系,并将应对方式作为中介变量,分别研究了积极应对方式和消极应对方式对指挥决策失误的影响。运用SPSS19.0软件和Amos17.0软件对调查问卷所获得的数据进行信效度分析、描述性分析、相关分析和回归分析,建立了结构方程模型,基本验证了研究假设。结果表明:管制员的工作压力主要来自工作本身压力、角色转变压力、人际关系压力、组织结构压力、工作/家庭冲突压力和职业发展压力6个方面;指挥决策失误包括判断失误、沟通失误和操作失误3种;且工作压力与指挥决策失误显著相关,应对方式作为中介变量影响着两者的相互作用,其中,消极应对方式与指挥决策失误正相关,积极应对方式则与指挥决策失误的关系不太显著。最后从缓解组织工作压力、提高空中交通管制员的抗压能力两个方面提出了改善建议,以降低空中交通管制员工作压力,减少指挥决策失误。

The present paper is aimed at introducing our analysis of the sources of the impact of job stress of the air traffic controllers on their performance and decision-making faults. To make clear all the influential factors on how to reduce their stress, we have made a questionnaire survey distributed among all the said staff-members in several airports. The cope styles of the air traffic controllers, such as the mediator variables, can mainly be divided into such categories as the active performance manners and the passive performance manners in hoping to find the impact of their behavior-performance types on the decision-making faults likely to be caused by their actual demands for the control. And, then, we have managed to further our analysis by using a SPSS 19.0 and Amos 17.0 software in hoping to classify and summarize the data and information we have gained from the respondents to our questionnaire, including the reliability and validity of our analysis, the descriptive analysis, the correlation analysis and the regression analysis. We have also built up a structural equation model to test the hypothetical predictions illustrated in our questionnaire. The investigation and analysis results indicate that the sources of the air-traffic controlling faults mainly originate from the heavy-duty sense, the personal duty transformation stress, the organization institutional stress, the interpersonal relation stress, home/work conflict stress and the vocational career prospect stress, etc. The decision-making faults in this way mainly include three types： the judgment faults, the communication faults and the operational faults. The control-behavior stress and command decision-making faults can be said significantly linked with the control behavior styles such as the data and information variables which may have strong impact on the control decision-making faults, whereas negative behavior styles may positively correlated with the decision-making faults in the control. And the relation is less significant between the positive manipulation styles and command decision-making faults. Finally, it can be said that the two suggestions we are going to make as the improvement recommendations, i.e. reducing the stress of the air-traffic control team and enhancing the competitive powers of the air traffic controllers, can be expected to reduce the job stress and the liability of the command decision-making faults.