基于AHP-模糊综合评判法的纺织企业作业环境风险评价

Improved model for risk assessment of the working environment of the textile companies based on AHP and fuzzy theory

作业环境质量的好坏不仅会影响工人的工作效率及安全,还会对工人的健康造成危害,甚至导致职业病。科学合理地评价作业环境的风险对改善作业环境安全、预防和减少职业危害具有重要意义。纺织行业属于典型的劳动密集型产业,纺织企业生产工艺流程长,设备排列紧密,自然通风条件差,作业环境复杂。通过对我国中南地区4个纺织企业作业环境的调查,分析了纺织企业作业环境的特点、主要影响因素及其危害。纺织车间作业环境影响因素有噪声、粉尘、热湿环境、照明和振动、色彩等,其中噪声、粉尘及热湿环境、照明影响因素较为突出,依此建立了纺织企业作业环境风险评价指标体系,运用模糊数学理论以及层次分析法(AHP),构建了纺织企业作业环境风险评价模型,并将该模型应用于对某纺织企业作业环境的评价,得出该企业主要生产工序的作业环境风险等级。结果表明,清钢联、并条二道工序属安全作业,清花、梳棉、粗纱三道工序属轻度危害作业,络筒工序属中度危害作业,细纱工序属高度危害作业。评判结果符合企业实际情况。

This paper is aimed at introducing our analysis of the characteristic features, the main influential factors and harmful effects of the working environment of the textile enterprises through an investigation of the four textile plants in the south central China. As a result of our survey, we have found that the main influential factors of the working environment of such companies include noise, dust, hot humid environment, poor lighting, strong vibration, too much color and so on, which not only influence the working efficiency and the physical safety of the workers, but also do harm to the health of workers, even leading to some occupational diseases. All the above said situations make it necessary to do the scientific evaluation of the working environment risks so as to improve the work environment safety and prevent and reduce the exposure to the likely-to-be-the occupational hazard. Since the textile enterprises occupies some gigantic industrial embodiments, such as large numbers of working force, continuous material processing, but rather poor atmospheric conditions, close equipment arrangement, and highly complicated working environments. What we think most urgent to do is to do a thorough research on the most urgent influential factors, such as the great noise, dust, hot wet environment, bad lighting, and the risk evaluation index system and establish the goals and ways to improve the textile enterprise working environment. At the same time, we have also to work out a risk evaluation model of textile enterprise working environment based on the theory of fuzzy mathematics and analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. And, in turn, applying the above said model to evaluate the working environment in a textile enterprise, it would be possible to decide the risk levels of the main production processes. In doing so, the blowing-carding-drawing unit and the second drawing procedure can be expected to ensure the safe production, though the scotching; carding and roving belong to the mild hazardous work whereas the winding belongs to the high hazardous work. Thus, the results of our evaluate conform to the actual textile industrial production situation,and this model can be expected to be brought into full application in the production practice. Therefore, this method can provide a scientific reference and decision-making basis for the occupational health management in the textile industrial workshops.