20世纪以来鱼鳞图册研究述评

Review of Scale Atlas Research since the 20th Century

20世纪以来研究表明,鱼鳞图册起源于南宋。明代洪武时期在全国范围内清丈土地、推行鱼鳞图册制度,其作用是确认业户土地产权,确保官府田赋征收。现存明清鱼鳞图册原件主要分藏于安徽、江苏、浙江,北方的陕西、山西存有清至民国的鱼鳞图册。鱼鳞图册研究拓展了南北区域社会经济史的内涵,在地权分配、租佃关系、生态环境等方面有新的进展。而在鱼鳞总图、地权形态、里甲土地分布方面尚有进一步探讨的空间。

Studies since the 20＇h century have shown that the scale atlas originated in the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Emperor Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, government measured the land in the country and implemented the system of scale atlas, aiming at confirming the occupants of land ownership and ensuring the official land tax levied. The existing original scale atlas of Ming and Qing Dynasties are mainly collected in Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the north parts of Shaanxi and Shanxi even have scale atlas of Oing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Studies on scale atlas expanded the connotation of regional social and economic history from north to south, making new progress in aspects of land distribu- tion, tenancy relation and biological environment, etc. However, there is still a lot of as- pects such as the total scale map, land ownership pattern and land distribution for discuss.