2005-2012年北海市急性中毒人群构成特点分析

Analysis on the characteristics of acute poisoning people during 2005-2012 in Beihai City

目的探讨北海市近年来的急性中毒特点。方法采用回顾性流行病学调查,收集市、县、乡三级共19家医院2005-2012年各类急性中毒住院病例资料,进行描述性分析。结果在2 127例病例中,男性占53.89%,女性占46.11%;未就业年龄组占29.30%,就业年龄组占62.09%,老年人群组占8.61%;无学历、小学、中学、高等学历组分别占39.41%、19.70%、34.40%和6.49%;无职业占41.28%、学生10.67%、务农33.99%、务工4.23%、行政事业4.56%、其它5.27%。其中未就业年龄、就业年龄与老年人群均以意外性原因中毒为主(各占同类人群病例数的41.48%、34.02%、32.24%),均以农药类毒物为主(依序各占29.26%、41.97%、53.01%)。除了务农以自杀(占41.49%)为主之外,无职业、学生、务工、行政事业、其他均以意外性中毒为主(各占34.66%、51.54%、48.89%、38.14%、41.07%);另外,学校以化学类毒物为主(占36.12%),无职业、务农、其他3类职业以农药类毒物为主(各占33.64%、59.89%、28.57%),务工与行政事业均以其它类毒物为主(各占24.44%、37.14%)。结论北海市急性中毒人群以就业年龄人群、小学以下低学历者、无职业和务农人群为主要人群,这些人群应作为急性中毒防控的主要对象。

Objective To study the characteristics of acute poisoning reported in the Beihai City. Methods Acute intoxicated cases with all kind of poisoning reported in19 hospitals of the city were retrospectively investigated and analyzed. Results In 2 127 cases of acute intoxication, the male and female accounted for 53.89% and 46.11% of the total cases, respectively. The proportion of no-employment, employment population and the elder group in all cases was 29.30%, 62.09% and 8.61%, respectively. The proportion of the non-academic credentials, primary, secondary, and college-educated persons in all cases was 39.41%, 19.70%, 34.40%and 6.49%, respectively. The proportion of the inoccupations, students, persons engaged in acriculture, and industry, administrators, and the persons engaged in other professions accounted for 41.28%, 10.67%, 33.99%, 4.23%, 4.56% and 5.27% of all cases, respectively. Among them, the main poisoning causes and poisons in the no-employment, working-age and elder-population groups were accident poisoning （accounted for 41.48%,34.02% and 32.24% of the total cases） and the pesticides （accounted for 29.26%、41.97%、53.01%of the total cases）. In addition, the suicide poisoning of the farming group accounted for 41.49% of the total cases, the accident poisoning of the inoccupations, student, working, administrative, and other business groups for 34.66%, 51.54%, 48.89%, 38.14%and 41.07%of the total cases, the chemical poisoning of the student group for 36.12%of the total cases, the pesticides poisoning of the inoccupations, farming, and other business groups for 33.64%,59.89% and 28.57% of the total cases, and the other-poison poisoning of the working, administrative groups for 24.44%and 37.14%of the total cases, respectively. Conclusion The working-age, primary and/or no-schooling, inoccupations and farmers account for major proportion of acute-poisoning cases in Beihai city. Therefore, these people should be the main target population for preventing and controlling of acute poisoning.