2004-2011年中国人群心血管病死亡的性别差异分析

Gender differences in cardiovascular disease mortality in China from 2004 to 2011

目的分析我国主要心血管疾病死亡的性别差异及其变化情况，为提出有效的干预措施提供依据。方法利用全国疾病监测系统2004—2011年死因监测数据，分析不同年度、不同年龄组心血管病死亡性别比的差异和变化趋势，并对2010年不同地区间心血管疾病死亡性别比进行比较。结果2004—2011年，全国各主要心血管病死亡率除风湿性心脏病以外。均表现为男性高于女性，性别比（男性：女性）为1．37—1．59；各类心血管疾病死亡性别比呈逐年升高趋势，尤以其他心脏病的上升幅度最快；各年龄组心血管病死亡性别比均呈上升趋势，并表现为低年龄组上升速度较快的特点；心血管病死亡率性别比以30-45岁年龄组最高，75岁以上组最低。2010年，我国心血管病死亡率性别比表现为农村高于城市（其他心脏病除外）、东部地区高于中西部地区的特点。结论针对农村和东部地区，尤其是低年龄组男性人群开展心血管病的预防和干预，同时提示，女性人群风湿性心脏病的防治是今后心血管疾病的防治重点。

Objective To analyze gender differences and their trends of mortality of major cardiovascular diseases. Methods Using mortality data of national disease surveillance system from 2004 to 2011, to analyze the gender differences and their trends of cardiovascular disease mortality in different age groups, and to compare the sex ratio of cardiovascular disease mortality among different areas in 2010. Results The mortality of major cardiovascular disease were higher in men than in female except the rheumatic heart disease, the sex ratios of cardiovascular disease mortality are among 1.37-1.59 from 2004 to 2011; the sex ratios of mortality of stroke, ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease and the rheumatic heart disease increased gradually, and the sex ratios of mortality of other heart disease increased fastest;the sex ratio of cardiovascular disease mortality showed a rising trend in each age group, and the younger group rised faster than older group. The sex ratio of cardiovascular disease mortality was the highest in 30-45 year group and lowest in over 75 years group. In 2010, the sex ratio in rural was higher than in urban （excluding other heart diseases）, and was higher in eastern region than in middle and west regions. Conclusions To take prevention and intervention measures targeted at cardiovascular diseases among younger men in rural and eastern areas, and to take intervention measures at the rheumatic heart disease prevention among women, are the crucial strategies of future prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.