两种自评健康方法的可靠性比较

Study of reliability comparison on two kinds of self-rated health

目的探讨不同方法自评健康与客观健康的相关性。方法结合职业健康检查，对自愿接受“健康管理”问卷调查的730名工厂员工近年来检查的生理生化指标改变情况、疾病史和自评健康状况进行调查，分析以自身为对照和以同龄人为参照的自评健康与客观健康的相关性。结果年龄和性别与自评健康有关，年龄增加，自评健康变差，男性自评健康水平高于女性，文化程度与自评健康无关；血压、血糖、血脂或体重任一指标是否升高或增加与自评健康无显著相关，但近年来检查的生理生化指标稳定自评健康都显著偏好；是否患有高血压、糖尿病、慢性支气管炎、慢性胃肠炎或肥胖任意一种疾病只与自己最近健康状况的自评健康显著相关，相对于患上述任意一种疾病者，未患上述疾病者自评好和很好的OR值分别为2．38（95％CI：1．42-3．98）和3．58（95％CI：1．65—7．76），而和与同龄人比的健康状况无关。结论采用以自身最近健康状况为参照的自评健康较为合理。

Objective To investigate the relationship between different kinds of self-rated health （SRH） and objective health. Methods Together with occupational physical examination, 730 workers who accepted for health-management questionnaire interview were recruited. The shift trend of physiological and biochemical indicators （PBCI） in recent years, current history of diseases and self-rated health status were surveyed. The relationship between SRH based on oneself or others with similar age and objective health was analyzed. Results Age and gender were associated with SRH. The SRH turned bad with age increased. Males had more positive SRH than females. However, there was no significant association between education and SRH. One of the indicators including blood pressure, glucose, lipid and weight increased or not had no significant association with SRH. However, the stabilization of PBCI tested in recent years significantly associated with better SRH. Currently had or had not one of the following diseases including hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic gastric-intestine disorders and obesity significantly associated with SRH only based on oneself recent health status, not on others with similar age. Comparing with those with one of the diseases, the OR for self-rated good and better among those without one of the diseases were 2.38 （95%CI： 1.42-3.98） and 3.58 （95%CI： 1.65-7.76）, respectively. Conclusion Using self-rated health based on oneself recent health status is more reasonable.