颅脑钝性冲击损伤力学中有限元法的研究进展

Research Progress of Finite Element Analysis in Traumatic Skull and Brain Injuries

颅脑损伤大部分由钝性冲击引起,对冲击引起颅脑损伤的生物力学机制研究,有助于汽车设计和制造、安全防护、临床救治和司法鉴定。有限元方法在这一问题的研究上体现了重要作用,在30多年间取得了长足发展。本文对最近10余年的研究成果在模型精度、冲击类型和损伤机制有限元研究等问题进行综述。本文认为,现有的颅脑损伤判定标准是基于整体层次测量的,而有限元分析结果提供的是组织层次的应力应变和能量分布,是对整体层次的损伤标准的补充和完善或本质的揭示。颅脑损伤的标准也应该是发展的,逐步深入的。进一步在微观、细胞和分子层次的研究将成为未来该领域的发展趋势。

Brain injuries are mostly caused by violent impact. Biomechanical researches in this field are helpful to automobile design and manufacture, safety protection, clinical treatment and forensic examination. Finite element method （FEM） is a powerful tool in this field, and has made considerable progress in the past than 30 years. This paper reviewed the research achievements in the last decade. Several issues were emphasized, including precision of models, impact types and injury mechanism. It is believed that the current injury standards were based on the overall measurement while the FEM could provide stress response and energy distribution in the tissue level which may serve as the supplement for the overall injury standards. A tendency in this field was the mechanism investigation in the microcosmic, cellular and even molecular levels.