新疆巴州地区2001～2011年霍乱流行特征与监测分析

Epidemic characteristics and surveillance of cholera in Bazhou of Xinjiang from 2001 to 2011

目的分析新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州（简称巴州）2001～2011年霍乱监测情况，探讨霍乱疫情的流行规律，为制定霍乱预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法收集巴州地区2001～2011年霍乱监测与实验室检测资料，分析霍乱的流行特征及其与外环境的关系。结果巴州地区2001～2011年共报告霍乱病例21例，健康带菌者2例，2001～2011年发病率0／10万-1．25／10万之间，年均发病率为0．23／10万，21例病例中男16例，女5例，男女比例为4．2：1，以青壮年多见，10-60岁年龄组占总病例数的80．95％，农民占大多数，占总病例数的47．61％，维吾尔族占大多数，占总病例数的71．43％。外环境监测共2279份，共检出阳性标本156份，总阳性率为6．85％。结论加强腹泻病人、外环境及流行病学监测，加大卫生宣传力度，提高群众的卫生知识水平和防病意识，是控制霍乱疫情的关键。

Objective To perform an epidemiological study of the detection of cholera and cholera epidemic law in Xinjiang Bayin Guoleng Mongolia Autonomous Region （Bazhou in short） from 2001-2011, and to develop strategies for the prevention and control of cholera. MethOdS Through the investigation of surveillance materials and laboratories testing, were analyzed the relations between the epidemic characteristics of cholera and external environmental monitoring results. Results A total of 21 cholera cases including 16 males and 5 females with the male to female ratio of 4.2：1 in this prefecture. In addition two health carriers were reported. The incidence in 2001-2011 was between 0/100 000 to 1.25/100 000 with average incidence of 0.23/100 000. Cases in age groups of from 10 to 60 years occupied 80.95% of the total cases, 47.61% of them were farmers and Uygur ethnic case occupied 71.43% of the total cases. One hundred and fifty-five culture-positive samples were detected from 2 279 samples obtained in extemal environment. Conclusion The key to control the cholera epidemic is to strengthen the monitoring of patients with diarrhea, external environment and epidemiolagy, increasing the health propaganda and raising the level of health knowledge and prevention awareness.