深圳市龙岗区2013年急性呼吸道感染病毒病原谱监测分析

Analysis of pathogen spectrum in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Longgang District of Shenzhen City in 2013

目的了解深圳市龙岗区急性呼吸道感染病例的病原谱构成,为呼吸道传染病的诊断、预防与控制提供病原学依据。方法采用RT-PCR和细胞培养/鸡胚培养分离的方法,对384份ILI或暴发疫情咽拭子标本同时开展流感病毒、腺病毒、鼻病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、冠状病毒和人偏肺病毒共7种15个亚型常见呼吸道病毒的检测。结果2013年深圳市龙岗区ILI的病毒阳性检出率为40.89%,A型流感病毒100株,占63.69%,为优势毒株,其它依次为HRV 21株,占13.38%,和B型流感病毒19株,占12.10%,上半年呼吸道病毒检出率显著高于下半年(χ2=5.01,P=0.03)。就其它呼吸道病毒而言,男性ILI标本检出率显著高于女性(χ2=6.24,P=0.01);随着年龄的递增,病毒阳性检出率呈递减趋势,且各年龄组其它呼吸道病毒检出率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.46,P=0.04)。结论流感病毒、鼻病毒是深圳市龙岗区急性呼吸道感染的主要致病原,且随年龄不同、流行季节不同而有一定的流行规律。

Objective To understand the composition of viruses in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Longgang district of Shenzhen City so as to provide etiology basis for clinical diagnosis and preventive strategy. Methods RT-PCR and cell culture/embryo culture were used for the detection of 15 common respiratory viruses, including influenza virusA,B, adenovirus, human rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus 1,2, 3, respiratory syncytial virusA, B, coronavirus 229E, OC43, NL63, HKU1 and human metapneumovirus from 384 swab samples collected from influenza-like-illness cases. Results The total positive rate in ILI cases of with acute respiratory tract infection was 40.89% and influenza A virus （63.69%, 100 strains ） was the predominant virus followed by with human rhinovirus（13.38%, 21strains） and influenza B virus （12.10%, 19 strains）. The detection rate of respiratory viruses was higher in the first half a year than that of the last half a year （x^2=5.01, P=0.03）. In terms of the other respiratory viruses, the detection rate was higher in male than that of in female（x^2=6.24, P=-0.01） and showed a decreased trend with the increase of age （x^2=6.46, P=0.04）. Conclusion Influenza virus and human rhinovirus with centrain prevalent regularity in different age group and seasons play an important role in acute respiratory tract infection in Longgang district of Shenzhen City.