清代川东、北地区墓碑吻饰研究

Studies on the Kiss-style Decorations on the Qing Dynasty's Tombstones in the East and North Part of Sichuan Province

吻饰是高等级木结构建筑中的一种重要装饰构件,但它也成为四川地区清代墓碑建筑中重要的装饰要素,文章通过对清代川东、北地区墓碑建筑雕刻的题材、造型、工艺、纹饰等的探讨,发现这些墓碑建筑尽管是木结构建筑的"缩微""简化",但"缩微不微,简化不减",生动形象地反映出这一时期四川地区民间注重墓碑修饰的丧葬习俗和精湛的建筑和雕刻技艺。这些墓碑建筑及其装饰应该成为中国民间美术和传统建筑艺术新的研究对象。

The Kiss-style Decorations can be used in high-end wooden construction as important decorative elements, and it have also become an important decorative architectural elements on the tombs of the Qing Dynasty in Sichuan Province. Through the studies of the topics, shapes, crafts, techniques and decoration styles of the carvings on the tombstones in Qing Dynasty in the east and north part of Sichuan Province, it can be found that even though these tombstones are viewed as simplified wooden architecture, they are still completed with every part needed, which could vividly reflect the funeral customs that have association with decorations on the tombstones and exquisite techniques of architecture and sculpture. These tombstones and their decorations should be new targets of research of Chinese folk art and traditional architecture.