西安地区儿童支气管哮喘吸入性过敏原的调查分析

Detection and Analysis of Aspiration Allergens of Children's Bronchial Asthma in Xi'an Area

目的:探讨西安地区儿童支气管哮喘吸入性过敏原的分布情况。方法:选择950例来自西安地区的支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,采用过敏原皮肤点刺试验检测,以组胺作为阳性对照,生理盐水为阴性对照,分析不同年龄和性别的患儿过敏原的分布情况。结果:950例支气管哮喘患儿中,384例皮肤点刺过敏原检测呈阳性,占40.4%,男女患儿过敏原检测阳性分布无明显差异(P>0.05);尘螨为主要的过敏原,其次为艾蒿和霉菌类;随着患儿年龄的增加,其过敏原检测的阳性率明显升高(P<0.05),且大多数过敏原检测阳性患儿至少合并2-3种过敏原阳性。结论:西安地区支气管哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原阳性率与其性别无关,但与其年龄有关,过敏原以尘螨类为主,大多数检测阳性的患儿对至少一种以上的过敏原阳性。

Objective： To analyze the distribution of common aspiration allergens of children＇s bronchial asthma in xi＇an area. Methods： Allergen skin prick test was performed to detect the aspiration allergens of 950 cases of children with bronchial asthma in xi ＇an area, with Histamine used as positive control and physiological saline as negative control. Results： In 950 eases of children with bronchial asthma, positive skin prick test was found in 384 cases, and the positive rate was 40.4 %. No significant difference was found in the test for allergen distribution between males and females （P〉0.05）. The Dust mites were found to be the main allergen, and the positive rate was 65.6 %, followed by mugwort and mold classes. With the increase of age, the allergen positive rate increased significantly（P〉0.05）, and there were at least two or three positive allergens in most cases of the children with positive allergen. Conclutsion： The distribution of inhaled allergens of children＇s bronchial asthma in xi＇an area showed no statistical correlation with gender, which was significantly correlated with age. The dust mites were the main allergens and most children were sensitive to at least one kind of allergen.