地下水中病原菌及其快速检测技术研究进展

Research Advances in Rapid Detection Techniques of Pathogenic Bacteria in Groundwater

全世界尤其在发展中国家由地下水病原菌导致的环境安全问题日益频发,成为影响人群健康的重要因素。传统的病原菌检测技术存在费时、灵敏度低以及难以准确定量等问题,无法满足对地下水中种类日益增多的病原菌的有效监测。近年来,地下水中病原菌检测技术不断发展,其中聚合酶链反应技术、生物芯片及生物传感器等检测技术成为研究热点,在这些技术的基础上,以能实现微型便携、快速灵敏、准确特异和经济方便为目的的新材料和不同技术手段的整合技术成为地下水中病原菌检测发展的新方向。文章对近年来病原菌快速检测新技术进行综述,以期为受污染的地下水病原菌的有效监测和控制提供技术支持。

The environmental safety issues occur more frequently caused by pathogenic pollution in groundwater around the world, particularly in the developing country. There are problems with time-consuming, low sensitivity and difficulty of accurate quantification in traditional detection technology, which are unable to meet the need of monitoring of variety of pathogenic bacteria in groundwater. In recent years, with the developing and more detailed of the technology, the application of polymerase chain reaction , biochip and biosensor has gradually become research hotspot. On the basis of these technologies, the integration of novel material and different technology, which have the characteristics of micro-portable, rapid and sensitive, accurate and specific, economical and convenient, have become the new developing direction of the waterborne pathogen detection. This paper reviewed the development of polymerase chain reaction, biochip and biosensor in order to provide technical support for the effective monitoring and control to waterborne pathogenic bacteria of contaminated water.