“事神致福”与“事死如生”——也说秦始皇陵出土铜车马的性质

"Serving God and Pursuing Happiness" & "Honoring the Dead as the Living" : thecharacters of unearthed Bronze Chariots and Horse from Mausoleum of First Qin Emperor

针对近年学者提出的铜车马"祭祀"性质,通过对吉礼、凶礼内容及特点的分析,首先否定了铜车马是"秦始皇奉献给天帝的祭品"之说。又根据文献关于葬毕前后的"奠祭"和"祭奠",结合覆土对遗迹的叠压层位关系,从秦始皇帝陵园覆土工序完成与否进行双重分析,认为铜车马遗迹属于秦始皇陵葬仪中的"奠祭"行为,目的为"事死如生",而祭奠的"事神致福"应在寝殿举行。列举了铜车马某些部位的刻文属于计数方式和含义,同时强调了文化发展、融合当为古今文明之原始。

This paper denied the view that the Bronze Chariot and Horse were ＂sacrifice to lord of heaven offered by First Qin Emperor＂ proposed by scholars recently,as analyzing the auspicious and inauspicious ritual. It proposed that the Bronze Chariots and Horses were part of ceremony before the funeral for ＂honoring the dead as the living＂,while offering sacrifice after funeral for ＂serving god and pursuing happiness＂ should be held in bedroom palace,by making the discrimination of ceremony before the funeral and offering sacrifice after it,and analysis of overlying and position of covering soil on the relics and whether covering soil on the Mausoleum completed or not. It demonstrated the denotations of some inscriptions of the Bronze Chariots and Horses was a kind of counting system,also enlightened that the cultural development and fusion was the origin of the civilization of the ancient and modern times.