损益与易道及《易》书——帛书《要》篇“损益之道”章释蕴

Sun( Decrease),Yi( Increase),the Tao of Change,and the Book of Changes——On“The Tao of Sun and Yi”in Yao Copied in Silk

马王堆帛书《要》篇"损益之道"章以损益二卦论四时阴阳之变,是一种较为独特的卦气说,所表达的不仅是四时阴阳的损益消长,而且将"产"作为天地之变的价值归宿。由对损益之变的体察,《要》篇提出了"易道"的观念,以"顺于天地之心"为易道之要义,并以"君道"的视野来论易道,实现了易学由筮到德再到道的理论提升。随着易道观的提出,《要》篇对《易》之为书的内涵和价值做了新的解读,特别从易象角度阐发三才之道和四时之变。与《说卦传》相关章节相比,《要》篇"损益之道"章的问题意识和致思理路更为原始,带有春秋战国之际古人对《周易》进行理论创作之初始阶段的痕迹。

The chapter of ＂the Tao of Sun and Yi＂ in Yao copied in silk excavated in Mawangdui sets forth the changes of Yin-Yang in the four seasons through two hexagrams of Sun （损） and Yi （益）. It is a distinctive Gua-qi theory （a theory elucidating the correspondence between seasonal points and hexa- grams）. The theory not only expounds the changes of heaven and earth from the angle of Yin-Yang~ rai- sing and diminishing but also sees the creativity as the standard of the value. On the basis of ＂the Tao of the Sun and Yi＂, Yao puts forward the concept of ＂Yi-Tao＂. Following the hea^Jmind of heaven and earth is the gist of the Yi-Tao. The chapter of ＂the Tao of Sun and Yi＂ brings about the promotion of Yi- Studies from divination to morality to Tao （the basic law and the ontology of the universe）. In the field of vision of the Yi-Tao, Yao reinterprets the connotation of Zhouyi. In particular, it discusses the Tao of the Three Powers and the changes of four seasons from the point of Yi-images. Compared with the some chap- ter of Shuogua, the problem consciousness and the thinking line of Yao are more primitive. It is the im- pression of the initial stage of the theoretical creation on Zhouyi in the Pre-Qin period.