山西省鼠传疾病地理区划

Geographical divisions of rat transmissible diseases

为有效地防范鼠传疾病的发生、流行 ,有必要掌握鼠类、其体外寄生节肢动物及人间鼠传疾病的地理分布 ,并以此作出地理区划。以县为单位分层抽样设点捕获鼠类 ,并从鼠体检取蚤类 ,鉴定鼠、蚤种属。共捕获鼠类 (附兔形目 ) 5 5 0 6 4只 (6科、17属、2 1种 )。检取蚤类 34 733匹 (4科、2 5属、5 3种 )。山西省曾发生过或现在流行的鼠传疾病有鼠疫、钩端螺旋体病和流行性出血热。根据资料及地理区划的一般原则 ,将山西省划分为 4个小区 ,即雁北间山盆地干草原小区 ;晋西黄土高原、丘陵草原、灌丛小区 ;晋中山地、盆地森林、灌丛、森林草原小区 ;晋东南山地、盆地森林草原小区。腺型鼠疫曾发生在第二小区的兴、临 2县 ,其传播模式很可能是子午沙鼠—同型客蚤—小家鼠、褐家鼠—印鼠客蚤—人。钩端螺旋体病仅一度见于第三小区的襄汾县 ,传染源很可能不是鼠类而是猪。流行性出血热广泛分布于第三、四小区 ,其传染源主要是褐家鼠。

In order to prevent rat transmissible diseases,it is necessary to know the geographical distribution of rats,their external parasitic arthropod and rat borne disease in human, and to make a graph of geographical division.Stratified sampling was conducted by county to capture rats,and to sort out flea for identification of their genus and species.A total of 55064 rats sorting as 6 families,17 genera and 21 species were captured, and a total of 34733 flea sorting as 4 families,25 genera and 53 species were picked.Three kinds of rat borne diseases,namely plague,leptospirosis and epidemic hemorrhagic fever have been occurred and epidemic in Shanxi Province.Following the general principles for geographical division,Shanxi Province was divided into 4 sub regions:(1) basin among mountains and prairie in Yanbei;(2)loess plateau,hill and prairie with shrub in the west;(3)hill,shrub and basin,prairie with forest in the middle part;(4)hill,basin with forest and prairie in the southeast.When bubonic plague was epidemic,its transmissible mode was probably Meriones meridianus—Xenopsylla conformis—Mus musculus,Rattus norvegicus—Xenopsylla cheoopis —human.Bubonic plague has been occurred within Xingxian and Linxian conxian counties of the second sub region.Leptospirosis has been occurred in Xiangfen county of the third sub region,the source of infection was from pigs instead of rats.Epidemic hemorrhagic fever has been occurred in the third and fourth sub regions,the source of infection was mainly from Ruttus norvegicus.