矿产资源勘探开发闭坑地质环境一体化防治研究

Integrated treatments of geo-environment during various mining activity:exploration, development and closure

为了掌握矿产资源勘探、建设、开采、闭坑不同阶段对地质环境的影响极其程度,通过较为系统的对近年来矿山地质环境调查、评价、监测及防治工作成果与经验的总结,研究表明矿产资源勘探开发闭坑不同阶段引发和加剧的矿山地质环境问题是有规律可循的,建设及开采阶段对地质环境影响最为严重,其次是闭坑阶段,但不容忽视勘探阶段对地质环境的影响与破坏。据此提出了要树立矿产资源勘探、开发及闭坑不同阶段的预防、监管、治理恢复一体化的防治理念;规范矿山准入条件;采用绿色的开采技术工艺,边开发边治理,实现无废生产、少废生产,因地制宜、综合治理的目标;充分利用和保护典型的矿山遗迹,实现集地质灾害治理、土地复垦、生态恢复与矿业遗迹保护与利用为一体的矿产资源开发与地质环境保护的双赢目标。

Exploration, construction, exploitation and closure are different stages of mining activity, which may bring about disparate degrees on environmental effect and damage. We conduct a systematic study of the outcomes and experience of geo-environmental investigation, evaluation, monitoring and prevention, and get the conclusion that: there are some regularities underlying the environmental effect from different mining stages. Construction and exploitation can lead to the most severe environmental effect, the next is the enclosure, while the effect of exploration cannot be ignored. We should follow the idea of integration of prevention, supervision and management in the whole process of mining. A standard threshold criteria is necessary for each mine. Green technology should be introduced towards non-waste or less waste mining, also we should pay attention to local conditions, comprehensive treatment. Great efforts should be taken to realize geo-hazard management, land rehabilitation, biological ecological restoration and mine relics protection,which will lead to the goal of win-win of mine resource development and geo-environmental protection.