广州地区学龄儿童意外伤害的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of primary students unintentional injury in Guangzhou area

目的探讨广州地区小学生意外伤害的流行病学特征及影响因素,为儿童意外伤害预防和干预提供理论依据。方法分层随机整群抽取广州地区4所小学一~六年级学生2 430名,回顾性调查1年内意外伤害发生情况。结果小学生意外伤害的发生率为34.24%,男生（36.85%）高于女生（31.51%）（χ2=7.685,P=0.006）,郊区（38.97%）高于城区（29.48%）（χ2=24.281,P=0.000）;四年级最高（56.52%）,年级之间发生率差异有统计学意义（χ2=185.582,P=0.000）。居发生率前3位的意外伤害分别为跌伤（18.81%）、碰击伤（3.37%）、烧烫伤（2.22%）。以轻伤为主,占92.8%;下肢（34.4%）、手指（20.7%）为主要伤害部位,家里或宿舍（28.3%）、学校（24.6%）、上学途中（22.4%）为主要伤害发生场所。随着父母文化程度的增高,学生意外伤害发生率呈下降趋势（χ2=205.566,P=0.000）。结论儿童意外伤害发生率较高,应加强安全管理教育预防伤害。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of unintentional injury among primary school students in Guangzhou area,provide scientific evidence for prevention and intervention children unintentional injury. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling among 2,430 students who were selected from the 1stto 6thgrades in 4 primary schools of Guangzhou area,retrospective investigation was conducted on the situation of unintentional injuries in 1 year. Results The incidence rate of unintentional injury on primary school students was 34. 24%,male（ 36. 85%） was higher than female（ 31. 51%）（ χ2=7. 685,P = 0. 006）,suburbs（ 38. 97%） was higher than the city（ 29. 48%）（ χ2= 24. 281,P = 0. 000）;the 4thgrade was the highest（ 56. 52%）,there was significant statistic difference between grades（ χ2=185. 582,P = 0. 000）. The leading three rates of injuries were falls（ 18. 81%）,impact injuries（ 3. 37%）and burn /scalds（ 2. 22%）. Most injuries were mild（ 92. 8%）,the main site of injuries were lower limbs（ 34. 4%）,and fingers（ 20.7%）,which usually occurred at home or accommodation（ 28.3%）,schools（ 24.6%） and the way to school（ 22.4%）. With the increase of parental education level,the incidence rate of injury decreased（ χ2= 205. 566,P = 0. 0000）. Conclusions The rate of unintentional injury among pupils is generally high,safe management education should be strengthened in order to prevent injuries.