城市社区育龄妇女生殖健康影响因素调查与计划生育对策

目的研究城市社区育龄妇女生殖健康影响因素及计划生育对策。方法采用整群分层抽样方法选取深圳市福田区已开展社区卫生服务的8个社区中1311名育龄妇女进行问卷调查,分析生殖道感染情况、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、医疗费用、对疾病认识、社区卫生服务利用情况、避孕方式、家庭月收入。结果 (1)生殖道感染率41.1%;(2)不同年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、医疗费用、对疾病认识、社区卫生服务利用情况、避孕方式的患者间,生殖道感染发生例数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)生殖道感染的发生与年龄、婚姻状况、医疗费用、避孕方式呈正相关,与文化程度、对疾病认识、社区卫生服务利用、家庭月收入情况呈负相关。结论已婚、高龄、自费、采用宫内节育器避孕、文化程度和家庭月收入较低、无法正确利用社区卫生服务的患者是发生生殖道感染的高危人群,应加强生殖健康知识宣教,构建信息互享平台,转变生育控制模式,加大财政专项投入力度,完善生殖健康服务。

Objective To study the influencing factors of reproductive health of women in city community and its planning counter measures. Methods 1311 cases of childbearing age women in Futian District, Shenzhen city were collected by stratified sampling method and questionnaire survey was conducted. Then reproductive tract infection, age, marital status, education level, medical expenses, understanding of disease, utilization of community health service, contraception, family monthly income.Results （1）The rate of reproductive tract infections was 41.1%; （2）The difference of reproductive tract infections cases in different age, marital status, education level, medical expenses, understanding of disease, utilization of community health service, contraception, family monthly income had statistically significant; （3）Reproductive tract infection was positively correlated with age, marital status, medical expenses and contraceptive methods and negatively correlated with education level, understanding of disease utilization of community health service, monthly family income.Conclusion Married, older, own expense, intrauterine device, low educational level and family income, unable to correctly use the community health service patients are high-risk population of reproductive tract infection. Should strengthen the reproductive health knowledge education, build information sharing platform, change birth control mode, increasefinancial support, improve the reproductive health services.