批判经济理性和重建生态理性——论安德烈·高兹对生态危机的新阐释

Critique of Economic Reason and Rebuild Ecological Rationality——A new discourse of ecological crisis by Andre Gorz

当前,生态危机已成为全球性问题,揭橥生态问题的根源日益成为西方学者的研究热点。但是大多数研究者仅囿于社会学或者生态学视角进行探讨,而法国生态学马克思主义者安德烈·高兹另辟政治生态学路径,认为资本主义社会中生态问题的产生是由经济理性这颗"毒瘤"引发的,解决生态危机的唯一出路是剖析资本主义经济理性引发的三大病状,然后对症下药,推行工人自治和自我管理,进行文化革命,最终重建以生态理性为主的社会主义社会。尽管这一生态理论具有一定的理论价值和现实意义,但是站在历史唯物主义的视角来看,它仍具有一定的不足之处。

At present, the environmental crisis has become a global problem. Revealing the root cause of ecological crisis has become a hot point among western researchers. However, most of them discuss it in the eyes of sociology and ecology, while Andre Gorz opens another path that is political ecology. He thinks that the appearance of ecological problems is caused by cancer of economic reason in the capitalism society. The only way to solve ecological crisis is that, firstly analyzing three symptoms caused by capitalist economic reason, then implementing workers’ autonomy and culture revolution, finally building a socialism society based on ecological rationality. Though the thought of ecological theory has some theoretical value and social meaning, when looking on the point of historical materialism, it has some limitations.