基于人力资本理论的西方传统学徒制研究

The Study on Traditional Apprenticeship abased on Human Capital Theory

人力资本投资收益的不确定导致全球性的"技工荒",20世纪90年代西方发达国家重启学徒制来应对日益严重的"技工荒"和失业问题。传统学徒制在西方存续数百年,有一整套制度来解决人力资本投资收益不确定的问题,对们构建现代学徒制体系有很好的借鉴意义。制度属性的差异是传统学徒制与现代学徒制的根本分野,传统学徒制本质上是一种封建雇佣制度,徒工是师傅的廉价劳动力,其教育功能属于次要方面;现代学徒制的本质上是一种现代教育制度,是一种干中学、学中干的技能人才培养模式,雇佣关系不是现代学徒制的主要方面。

The risk of human capital investment leads to the mechanic shortage. The western countries constructed apprenticeship to deal with the mechanic shortage in 1990s. The traditional apprenticeship had a lot of regulations to resist the risk of human capital investment. The difference between the traditional apprenticeship and the modern apprenticeship is nature of them. The traditional apprenticeship is a kind of employment system. The modern apprenticeshipis a kind of education system.