基于生态足迹的雷公山自然保护区生态补偿标准研究

Research on Ecological Compensation Standard of Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve Zone Based on Ecological Footprint Theory

搬迁移民或当地居民是否得到合理的生态补偿是自然保护区顺利建设和实现保护目标的关键环节,尤其是生态补偿标准的确定.本文以贵州省雷公山国家级自然保护区为案例,提出了一套基于生态足迹理论的生态补偿标准确定方法.该方法不仅考虑保护区居民生产用地的损失补偿,还以生态足迹为基础,计算了林产品、水产品、薪柴、牧草等生态系统为保护区居民社会经济活动提供的服务价值.结果表明,基于该方法得到的生态补偿标准,与保护区居民问卷调查结果差距较小,客观反映了居民的生态补偿意愿.该方法解决了以生态系统服务价值作为补偿标准过高,而仅以生产用地损失作为补偿标准过低的矛盾,可为其他保护区生态补偿标准的制定提供参考.

Reasonable ecological compensation for the relocation or local communities is the key problem regarding the nature reserve zone construction and the protection targets realization , especially for ecological compensation standard. Taking Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province as case, this paper suggests a kind of ecological compensation standard calculation method based on ecological footprint theory. This method has not only taken into account the compensation of community loss of productive land due to the protection zone construction, but also concerned the value of ecosystem services in social and economic activities of communities, such as forest products, aquatic products, firewood, pasture and so on. The result showed that the difference among these survey results with residents of protected areas was smaller and it could reflect the ecological compensation willingness of residents objectively based on ecologial compensation standard of this method. This method has solved the compensation standard was too high as the value of ecosystem services; The contradiction among the productive land＇ s loss as a lower compensation standard. This case could provide a reference for the formulation of other protection zone ecological compensation standard.