中国六省公众糖尿病防治健康素养及其影响因素分析

An analysis of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control and its influencing factors among the residents in six provinces in China

目的 调查中国公众糖尿病防治素养水平并分析其影响因素.方法 于2013年3-5月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对中国6个省18 ～ 60岁城乡居民进行《中国公众糖尿病防治素养调查问卷》调查.采用logistic回归分析公众糖尿病防治素养影响因素.以第6次全国普查数据对调查结果进行标化.结果 共调查城乡居民4 416名,得到有效问卷4 282份,问卷有效率为97.0％.其中,男性1 986名,占46.4％;女性2 296名,占53.6％.经标化后,我国公众具备糖尿病防治素养水平为32.7％,其中,东、中、西部地区糖尿病健康素养水平分别为40.5％、36.5％和15.4％.以西部地区为参照,东部地区居民糖尿病防治素养水平最高（OR=2.510,95％ CI：1.931～3.263）,中部其次（OR=2.083,95％CI：1.579～2.749）.男性糖尿病防治素养水平低于女性（OR=0.488,95％ CI：0.402 ～0.593）.文化程度越高,糖尿病防治素养水平越高;以小学及以下文化程度为参照,中学文化程度者较高（OR=1.103,95％CI：0.812 ～ 1.499）;大专及以上者最高（OR=2.029,95％ CI：1.385 ～2.972）.公务员和事业单位人员糖尿病防治素养水平最高,企业人员其次（OR=0.632,95％CI：0.460 ～0.870）,农民最低（OR=0.339,95％ CI：0.234～0.491）.有糖尿病家族史者高于无家族史者（OR=1.570,95％CI：1.222 ～2.018）.认为自己有患糖尿病风险者高于认为自己无患病风险者（OR=1.821,95％CI：1.317 ～2.517）.结论 东部地区、女性、高文化程度、公务员及事业单位人员、有糖尿病家族史、有糖尿病患病风险者糖尿病防治健康素养水平较高.

Objective To investigate the health literacy about diabetes prevention and control and its influencing factors among the public in China.Methods A multistage stratified random sanpling method was applied to investigate urban and rural residents aged 18-60 years among six provinces in China during March and May,2013.The Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China was used to conduct the survey.The influencing factors of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control were analyzed by logistic regression.The results of the survey were standardized by the 6th national census data.Results A total of 4 416 persons were interviewed.A total of 4 282 valid questionnaires including 1 986 males（46.4％） and 2 296 females（53.6％） were obtained.The efficiency rate was 97.0％.The level of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among the public in China was 32.7％ （1 036/2 399）.And this rate was 40.5％,36.5％ and 15.4％ in east,middle and west of China,respectively.Take the west region as reference,the health literacy about diabetes prevention and control in east China was high（OR =2.510,95％ CI：1.931-3.263）,central China was in the second place（OR =2.083,95％ CI：1.579-2.749）.The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among males was lower than that in females （OR =0.488,95％ CI：0.402-0.593）.The higher education level the respondents had,the higher the health lireracy level about diabetes prevention and control.Taking the primary school and below education level as reference,the health lireracy level about diabetes prevention and control of respondents with a secondary education was higher （OR =1.103,95％ CI：0.812-1.499）,and that of college or above degree was the highest （OR =2.029,95％ CI：0.460-0.870）.The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among civil servants and institution staff was high,the enterprise personnel was in the second place（OR =0.632,95％ CI：0.460-0.870）,the literacy level among the rural residents was very low （OR =0.339,95％ CI：0.234-0.491）.The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among people who have a family history of diabetes was relatively higher （OR =1.570,95％ CI：I.222-2.018）.The heahh literacy about diabetes prevention and control among people who considered that they have diabetes risk was higher than that among people who considered they didn＇t （OR =1.821,95％ CI：1.317-2.517）.Conclusion The east region,females,a high educational level,civil servants and public officers,having a family history of diabetes,self-assessed risk of getting diabetes were protective factors of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control.