我院310例抗菌药物不良反应相关影响因素分析

Analysis of Related Factors of 310 Cases of Adverse Drug Reaction Induced by Antibacterial Drugs in Our Hospital

目的探讨我院抗菌药物不良反应（ADR）发生规律及特点，为临床用药安全提供参考。方法对我院2012年上报的310例抗菌药物ADR报告进行回顾性研究，登记患者性别、年龄、原患疾病，药品名称、给药途径，ADR名称、级别、转归。结果ADR集中发生在40～50岁年龄段，女性比男性比例高；新的、严重的ADR分别占总数的1．29％和6．45％；静脉滴注引起的ADR175例，占总数的56．45％，口服给药引起的ADR112例，占总数的36．13％；左氧氟沙星及阿奇霉素ADR发生比例高；ADR临床表现分布广泛，以皮肤及附件损害和消化系统损害为主。β-内酰胺类是引起严重ADR的主要抗菌药物。结论抗菌药物引起ADR的原因较为复杂，应加强监测，促进临床合理用药，保障患者用药安全。

Objective To explore the regularities and characteristics of adverse drug reaction （ADR） induced by antibacterial drugs in our hospital so as to provide reference for the safety use of drug in clinic. Methods A total of 310 ADR reported cases collected in our hospital in 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The name of drug, route of administration, name of ADR, level of ADR, result of ADR, sex and age of patients, and name of disease were recorded. Results The age of patients with ADR was mainly distributed in the age group 40-50, and the proportion of female patients was larger than male patients with ADR. Of the ADR cases, 1.29% were new and 6.45% were serious. Among the 310 ADR cases, 175 （56.45% ） were caused by intravenous route of administration and 112 （36.13%） by oral. The ADR incidences of levofloxacin and azithromycin were high. ADR occurred in almost all the body system and was mainly reflected in the injury of skin and digestive apparatus. Among different kinds of antibiotics, most of the serious ADR cases were caused by β-laetams. Conclusion The cause of ADR induced by antibacterial drugs is complex. It is important to strengthen the monitoring of antibiotics and promote the safe and rational use of antibiotics in clinic.