73例HIV感染者/AIDS病人的营养状况与相关KAP调查

A survey of nutritional status and relevant knowledge,attitude and practice among 73 people living with HIV/AIDS

目的了解艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（PLWHA）的营养状况,以及相关知识、态度、行为（KAP）现况,为进一步干预提供基线资料。方法 2012年3月至2013年5月,在上海市金山区随访管理的PLWHA中,选择知情同意者进行营养调查,并将其分成＂HIV感染者组＂（37例）和＂AIDS病人组＂（36例）,观察不同疾病进程组间的差异。结果共调查73例PLWHA,其能量及营养素未达到参考摄入量的比例在1.37%-91.78%之间,以微量营养素摄入不足更为显著。腰臀比偏高和体内脂肪含量偏高比例分别为15.07%和20.55%;血清检测指标偏低比例在4.11%-38.36%,以锌、硒偏低更为明显;营养知识知晓率普遍低于50.0%,＂不注重营养＂者占72.60%,全部对象均愿意接受营养干预。AIDS病人组和HIV感染者组比较,仅＂不注意营养＂的比例前者（86.11%）显著高于后者（59.46%,χ2=6.52,P〈0.05）。结论调查对象营养状况与知识水平不容乐观。不同疾病进程组间结果差异不明显,进一步研究可考虑加大样本量并注重疾病进程以外因素的作用,以实施更全面、有效的营养干预。

Objective To investigate status of nutrition and relevant knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） among people living with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） （PL- WHA）, and to provide baseline data for further intervention. Methods From March 2012 to May 2013, PLWHA followed up in Jinshan district of Shanghai were enrolled in the study with informed consent to accomplish the nutritional survey. They were divided into ＂HIV group＂ and ＂AIDS group＂ to analyze the difference between the two groups. Results Of 73 cases enrolled, 1.37% to 91.78% were lower than recommended nutrient intake（RNI） or adequate intake（AI）, especially micronutrients deficiencies. The proportion of higher waist-to-hip ratio and body fat was 15.07% and 20.55%, respectively. The proportions of patients with serum indexes lower than normal ranged from 4. l 1% to 38.36%, especially for zinc and selenium. Nutritional knowledge awareness rates were generally lower than 50. 0%. The proportion of nutritional ignorance was 72.60%. All participants were willing to accept nutrition education. The case number of AIDS group and HIV group was 36 and 37, respectively. There wasn＇t obvious difference between the two groups, except in proportion of nutritional ignorance （X2= 6.52, P〈0.05）, which was 86.11 % in AIDS group and 59.46% in HIV group. Conclusion The nutrition status and relevant knowledge of participants isn＇t optimistic. There isn＇t obvious difference between the two groups. Further study should increase sample size, and think over the other possible affecting factors besides disease progression, in order to implement a comprehensive and effective nutrition intervention.