政治的马克思何以可能?——自主主义马克思主义视域中的《1857—1858年经济学手稿》

How Can Political Marx Be Possible?——Grundrisse in the Horizon of Autonomist Marxism

自主主义马克思主义对《大纲》的激进政治阅读,旨在重建政治的马克思之可能性。他们将经济学语境重构为革命主体性话语和阶级斗争的革命政治学,将方法论理解为基于阶级对抗—主体性转型—创构性筹划的革命空间,并立足实质吸纳和一般智力视域,在当代资本主义生产方式的根本转型中,发掘新的政治主体模式和替代性的革命图景。这种解读路径力图走出纯粹客观层面的历史分析构架,确立阶级斗争的根本地位,并将社会转型的动力归结为阶级意志间的冲突,以突出马克思充足的主体性视域。然而,历史的彻底主体化、社会运行机制的过度简化和不确定的未来视域,使其不可避免地带有唯意志论的色彩和乌托邦的嫌疑。

The radical political reading by Autonomist Marxism manages to reconstruct the possibility of political Marx. They take its economic context as discourse of revolutionary subjectivity and revolutionary politics of class struggle, comprehend its methodology as revolutionary mechanism based on class antagonism-subjective transformation-constitutive project. Furthermore, established in real subsumption and general intellect, they discover new mode of political subject and alternative revolutionary prospect. This understanding path tries to move from historical analytical framework on pure objective aspect,institutes basic position and reducts motion of social transformation to conflict between class wills to give prominence to Marx＇s abundant subjective horizon. However,complete subjectivization of history, excessive reduction of social moving mechanism and uncertain future horizon make it inevitably possess voluntarist character and utopian suspicion.