中国文化元素与欧美文学的接受——以列夫·托尔斯泰为例

Chinese Cultural Elements and the Acceptance of European and American Literature:A Case Study of Tolstoy

中国文化元素与欧美文学的接受之间有密切的关系,以列夫·托尔斯泰为例可以很好地说明这一问题。托尔斯泰的名著被反复翻译,说明人们对这位大文豪的推崇。另外,许多著名作家,如鲁迅、茅盾、巴金、夏衍等都撰文介绍托尔斯泰。这些伟大的作家、翻译家和学者正是塑造中国现代文学的主要人物。再者,中国现代作家中受托尔斯泰影响的人很多。我们对托尔斯泰情有独钟主要是中国文化元素的作用。第一,托尔斯泰的人民性合乎中国知识分子的治世理想;第二,托尔斯泰符合我们对圣哲的期待;第三,托尔斯泰具有追求真理的"天问精神",即质疑精神,生命不息,追问不止;第四,托尔斯泰主义与儒家思想有本质上的契合。

There is a close relationship between Chinese cultural elements and the European and American literature. A case in point is Tolstoy. On the one hand, Tolstoy＇s works have been repeatedly translated into Chinese, demonstrating our revere for this great writer. On the other hand,many famous Chinese writers, like Lu xun, Mao Dun, Ba J in and Xia Yan have written articles to introduce Tolstoy to China. And what＇s more, many contemporary Chinese writers have been influenced by Tolstoy. Why do we show special preference to Tolstoy.？ The main reason lies in Chinese cultural elements. First,Tolstoy＇s affinity to the people is in accordance with Chinese intellectuals＇ ideal of bringing peace and prosperity to one＇s country. Second,Tolstoy satisfies our expectation for a sage. Third,Tolstoy has the spirit of seeking after truth, which can be named in Chinese ＂Questioning the Heaven＂, that is, interrogating everything in the universe and pursuing the truth as long as one lives. Fourth,Tolstoyism and Confucianism agree with each other in essence.