责任竞合视角下养老院入居合同免责条款的法律规制

Legal Regulation of Exemption Clause in Nursing Home Service Contract under the Perspective of Liability Concurrence

养老院在履行入居合同义务过程中,可能造成老年人人身权、财产权损害,进而导致违约责任和侵权责任的共同产生。实践中,出于侵权责任法立法较为完善、入居合同存在大量无效免责条款的原因,老年人多以侵权为由提起诉讼。但过错责任的归责原则未必一定实现对老年人权益的保护。养老院入居合同作为明确养老服务权利义务的法律文件,可以将其类型化纳入合同法典型合同中,从而在严格归责原则、惩罚性赔偿方面更有效地保护老年人权益。

In the process of fulfillment of contractual obligation ,nursing homes may cause personal injury and property damage to old people and then lead to joint emergence of liability for breach of contract and liability for tort .In practice ,most of the old people may file a law suit against tort because of fairly sophisticated tort law and a large number of exemption clauses in nursing home service contract .But the fault liability principle will not necessarily protect old people ’s rights .This service contract can be categorized into the typical contract in contract law as legal document w hich specifies rights and obligations in old-age service , thus protecting old people ’ s rights more effectively in the respect of strict liability principle and punitive damages .