作为根本法与高级法的宪法及实施路径选择

On the Constitution as the Fundamental Law and Higher Law and the Path Selection of Implementation

我国1982年宪法序言宣称宪法是国家的根本法,具有最高的法律效力。2004年第四次宪法修正案将"尊重和保障人权"载入宪法,这对源自西方传统文化中的人权观的接受,实则是承继了根本法之观念。高级法观念自古希腊始即贯穿于西方法文化传统之始终,我国宪法的高级法地位既是一种宣告,同时还以宪法法律规范的形式予以实证化。在我国,如何实施宪法是亟待解决的大问题,其具体路径可借鉴香港特区终审法院在刚果金案中主动向具有法律解释权的全国人民代表大会常务委员会提请释法的实践经验;同时,在我国宪法监督体制不变之前提下,对相关制度与程序做补充完善,以适应宪法实施的需求。

The Constitutional preamble declares that the Constitution is the fundamental law of the state and has the supreme legal authority.China accepted the idea of natural rights or human rights in the fourth Constitutional Amendments in 2004,and＂The state respects and safeguards hu-man rights＂as the third paragraph of article 3 3 of the Constitution was added.This acceptance of hu-man rights is in fact a succession of the concept of fundamental law.The idea of higher law penetrated the traditional culture in the west from ancient Greek to today.Chinese Constitution as higher law is not only the declaration,but also the positive functioning in the form of Constitutional norms and le-gal rules.How to put our Constitution into effect is an urgent issue,and one practical way is to take example of H.K final Court that initiatively requested NPC to interpret the law in the case of Conge. In the meantime,we shall replenish certain systems and procedure to fit the demand of the Constitu-tion implementation in the premise of sustaining our Constitutional supervision mechanism.