中国企业规模异质性与间接出口模式——基于2013年世界银行数据的实证研究

Size Heterogeneity and Indirect Export of Chinese Firms: An Empirical Research Based on World Bank Data in 2013

企业通过中间商出口是现实中存在已久的现象,但针对利用中间商出口的企业的特征的经验研究十分罕见。本文基于异质性企业贸易理论,研究了中国异质性企业规模与间接出口模式选择的关系,并运用世界银行2013年公布的2011年中国企业调查数据进行了经验验证。研究发现,规模越小的企业越倾向于选择间接出口,规模越大的企业越倾向于选择直接出口。使用不同的模型估计方法和不同的企业规模衡量指标后,这一负向关系仍然是高度稳健的。研究结果表明,由于企业运用间接出口模式进入国外市场时支付的固定成本较低,对于规模较小且生产率较低的出口企业而言,间接出口模式是合理的选择。

Although trade intermediation is a phenomenon well established in reality, little is known about the firms that actually use these trade intermediar- ies. Based on the heterogeneous firm theory of international trade, this paper in- vestigates the relationship between heterogeneous Chinese firm size and the indi- rect export, and tests it by using Enterprise Survey data published by the World Bank in 2013. The empirical analysis indicates that there is a significant negative relationship between firm size and the share of indirect export sales in total export sales and this result is insensitive to the inclusion of a variety of control variables, dif- ferent estimation methods and different measures of firm size. The results suggest that due to lower entry costs, the indirect export is a more attractive mode for small firms with low productivity which want to serve the foreign markets.