论执行时效制度之理解误区及其矫正

On Misunderstanding and Its Rectification of the Executive Limitation System

执行时效是指执行依据所载的债权人之私法上请求权的消灭时效,而不应当是指公法上强制执行申请权的存续期限。债权人申请执行时,法院不应主动审查、适用执行时效。执行时效届满后,债务人作出同意履行的意思表示的,应发生时效抗辩权之放弃的法律后果,故法院仍可就债务人为强制执行。执行时效届满后双方对债务重新予以确认或达成新的履行债务协议时,亦发生时效抗辩权之放弃的效果。债权人向法院提出执行申请时,执行时效是否中断和重新计算,应根据情况作具体分析。申请执行之前达成和解协议的,发生时效中断的效果;而执行程序中达成和解协议时,因法院对本案执行程序采取中止执行或终结执行之处置方式的不同,其时效中断效力的认定也存在区别。

The executive limitation refers to the extinctive limitation of claims for civil rights according to private law recorded by the enforcement document , rather than the continuing period of application for compul-sory enforcement according to public law .When the creditor applies for execution , the court shall not take the initiative to examine and apply executive limitation .Upon the expiration of the executive limitation , when the debtor makes intention to fulfill the obligation , the legal consequence of his abandoning the right of limitation defense will take effect and thus the court can still enforce the debtor to fulfill the obligation .Upon the expira-tion of the executive limitation , when the parties reconfirm the debt or conclude a new agreement of fulfilling the debt, it will also result in abandoning the right of limitation defense .Where the creditor applies the court for execution , whether the executive limitation is interrupted or requires recounting should be judged based on specific situations .The limitation will be deemed as being interrupted if the parties reach a settlement agree-ment prior to applying for execution;however , if the settlement agreement is concluded in the process of exe-cution, the judgment on limitation interruption will differ depending on whether the court takes the measure of discontinuance or termination of execution of the case .