民初高等专门学校向专科学校的嬗变

A historical study of the changes of advanced schools at the early of Republic of China

我国高等教育的类别差异比级别差异形成的时间要早,自清末高等教育的学科专业类型就已经基本形成,但是高等教育的级别和层次的形成却是在民初,蕴育在北洋政府末期,形成在南京政府初期。其中最突出的和明显的标志是民初高等专门学校向专科学校的过渡,专科层次学校的出现不再仅仅是"学"与"术"的分野,而是高等教育内部结构发生了更深意义上的变化,即本科和专科办学层次的区别,这一嬗变对我国后世高等教育的层次结构产生了质的影响。

Chinese higher education comes into form as early as in Qing dynasty, but it branches out at the early Republic of China through the Beiyang and Nanjing governments. The milestone is the change of special purposes to specialties, resulting in the change of types or systems of higher education institutions. The undergraduate education is remarkably influential upon the future higher education in China.