1950年代节制生育工作之殇——以河北省为对象的区域研究

Regression of the birth control work in the 1950s— A case study of Hebei province

新中国建立后,随着人民生活水平的提高和医疗卫生条件的改善,家庭人口陡增,部分群众自发地产生避孕要求;1953年第一次全国人口普查后,党和政府也发现了全国人口数量增加过快的态势,决定推行节制生育工作,先后采取了个别节育指导、公开宣传节育知识和开展节制生育宣传运动等措施,初步传播和普及了避孕知识,动摇了传统生育观念。可惜大跃进运动兴起后,党和政府片面强调人的生产力属性,轻率地放弃了节制生育政策,致使我国丧失了人口控制的最佳战略机遇期。

Since 1949, the living standard and health condition are greatly improved, and population grows, so people call for contraception. After the first national census in 1953, the government realizes the rapid increases of the population, and decides to carry out birth control, with self-willing contraception and public dissemination. Thus develops a mass birth control campaign. However, the great leap forward movement fans the governmental one-sided emphasis on the human productivity, missing the best strategy of population control.